The paper is structured so that readers can know about CHEMICAL ELEMENTS that we present is based on observations from various sources. This paper in my apartment by a variety of obstacles. Whether it comes from me and who come from outside. But with patience and especially the help of God this paper can be resolved eventually.
This paper contains about "CHEMICAL ELEMENTS" and deliberately chosen so that we can know about the discussion of Chemical Elements in even further.
·TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Preface
· Table of contents
· I. Discussion
· A. Elements of Abundance
· Group B. And Halogens Noble Gases
· C. Group of Alkali and Alkaline Soil
· D. And Third Period Fourth Period
· E. Usefulness of Chemical Elements and Compounds
· II.Penutup
· A. Conclusion
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
I. Discussion
A. Abundance of Elements
On Earth we are many elements which God bestowed upon us, among others:
a.Kelimpahan Aluminum (Al)
b.Silikon (Si)
c.Besi (Fe)
d.Kromium (Cr)
e.Tembaga (Cu)
f.Belerang (S)
g.Karbon (C)
h.Nitrogen (N2)
i.Oksigen (O2)
Group B. And Halogens Noble Gases
1.Golongan Noble Gases (Group VIII A)
Noble gases are the elements of group VIIIA (18) in the periodic table . Called noble because these elements are very stable (very difficult to react). One is not found naturally occurring compounds of noble gases. According to Lewis , is due to the stability of noble gas electron configuration is fully charged, the configuration of octets ( duplet for Helium).The stability of noble gas ionization energy is reflected by a very large, and its electron affinity is very low (is positive). Experts believe that the ancient noble gas elements completely inert . This opinion is broken, once in 1962, Neil Bartlett , a chemist from Canada managed to make a compound of xenon, ie XePtF 6. Since then, various compounds of noble gases has been successfully created.
Noble gases are gases that have a nature lengai, not reactive, and difficult to react with other chemicals. Noble gases are widely used in the industrial sector. Here are the noble gases:
2.Golongan Halogens (Group VIIa)
Halogen is a group of chemical elements that are in group 17 (VII or VIIa on the old system) in the periodic table . This group consists of: fluorine(F), chlorine (Cl),bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and the element ununseptium (Uus) that have not been found. Signifies halogen elements which produce salt when reacted with metals . The term comes from the scientific term French from the 18th century , adapted from the Greek language . Swedish chemist Baron Jöns Jakob Berzelius termed "Halogen" - ἅλς (HALS), "salt" or "sea", and γεν-(gene-), from γί γν ομαι (gi gn Omai),"form" - the elements that form salts when reacted with metals.
Halogen elements are naturally shaped molecules diatomic. They need one extra electron to fill the orbit of the electron layer, so it tends to formion negatively charged one. Negative ions are called ionic halides, and salts formed by these ions are called halides .
C. Group of Alkali and Alkaline Soil
1. Group Alkali (Group IA)
a. Periodic properties: - Difficult is reduced and easy
oxidation
- Includes a powerful reducing agent (electron has 1 fruit)
Li number & atomic radius>
Ionization energy of Na <
K melting point <
Rb boiling point <
Cs
b. Physical properties: - All the elements are solid at room temperature.
Special Caesium (Cs) liquid at temperatures above 28 °
- Elements of Li, Na, K is very lightweight
- Having a clear and distinctive colors, such as:
S Lithium (Li) è red
S Sodium (Na) èyellow
S Potassium (K) è purple
S Rubidium (Rb) è red
S Cesium (Cs) è blue
c. Chemical properties: - Strongly reactive
- Able to form a strong base compound
- Easily soluble in water (solubility is getting to the bottom of the greater)
d. Metals properties and the nature of tongues:
- Can react with water to form a strong base compound LOH.
- The nature of the stronger downward
2. Alkaline Soil Group (Group IIA)
a. Periodic properties:
- Susceptible to oxidation
- Including a powerful reducing agent (has 2 electrons,
- So it is not as strong alkali type)
Be the atomic number and atomic radius>
Ionization energy of Mg <
Ca
Sr
Ba
b. Physical properties:
- All elements are solid at room temperature pd
- The density of the larger alkaline earth metals, alkali metal SHG
Soil harder
If the salt of the metal elements in the fuel, will give strong color, such as:
- Calcium (Ca): orange, red
- Strontium (Sr): Red brick
- Barium (Br): Green
c. Chemical properties:
- Easy to react with non-metallic elements
- Being reactive
d. properties of alkali metals and alkaline nature of the land:
- The bottom properties of metals and alkaline nature of the stronger
D. And Third Period Fourth Period
Third 1.Periode
Elements of the third period consisted of:
Na (Sodium)
Mg (Magnesium)
Al (Aluminum)
Si (Silicon)
P (Phosphorus)
S (Sulfur)
Cl (Chlorine)
Ar (Argon).
Price electronegativity element of the third period from left to right the greater, and conversely, the smaller the price keelektronegatifannya. That is, the elements are more easily form negative ions and the more difficult to form positive ions.From left to right, non-metallic nature of the stronger elements of the third period. This is caused by an increasingly large keelektronegatifannya prices so the easier membantuk negative ions.
* Nature of Chemical Elements of Third Period
reducing a.sifat reduced and oxidizing properties increases.
b.sifat weaker metal and non-metallic nature of the stronger.
c.sifat bases weaker and the stronger the acid properties.
Fourth 2.Periode
The fourth period generally has a valence electron in the 3d subshell
that has not been charged (unless the element Zinc (Zn) in Group IIB). It is
led the fourth element of the transition period has some characteristics that are not
owned by the elements main groups, such as magnetic properties, the color of ions, the activity
catalytic, as well as the ability to form complex compounds. Element of the transition period
The fourth consists of ten elements, namely scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu ), and Zinc (Zn).
In one period of the left (Sc) to right (Zn), electronegativity element is almost the same, not increased nor decreased significantly. In addition, the size of the atom (the radius of the element) and the ionization energy does not undergo significant changes. Therefore, it can be concluded that all four elements of the transition period has chemical and physical properties are similar.This is in contrast with the main elements that have properties that are very significant changes in one period.
E. Usefulness of Chemical Elements and Compounds
1. Carbon
a. Benefits Elements: Graphite (lubricants, cosmetic pencils and graphite and clay mixture {}, the anode in batteries and in the process elektrolisi, in the manufacture of composite components), Activated charcoal (who repel harmful vapors in the air, absorb the color and flavor that is not good from a liquid or a specific solution, drain the water in drinking water purification plant, fruit (juice), honey, and vodka; as upset stomach or food poisoning {norit)), carbon black(Pigment ink, paint, paper, and plastics. Strengthening and staining rubber (particularly motor vehicle tires; making ebonite).
b. Benefits Compounds: CO (raw material for making methanol, reducing the processing of various types of metals, components of various types of fuel), CO 2 (as charges for fire extinguishing spray, cooling solid {}, used in a variety of carbonated soft drinks)
2. Oxygen
a. Benefits: Breathing MH, the process of burning / oxidizing agents, as an oxidant for
making chemical compounds, liquid oxygen is used as rocket fuel.
b. Benefits of Compound: O3 (at water disinfectant, chlorine replacement)
3. Nitrogen
a. Benefits: gas used in the manufacture of ammonia (NH 3) of air, liquid nitrogen gas
used as a bana freezer in the food processing industry.
b. Benefits Compounds: NH 3 (ice making, making HN O3, garamgaram ammonium and
ammonia soap), HN O3 (to create artificial fertilizers NH4N O3 and C a (N O3) 2) 4.Silikon
a. Benefits: used as raw materials in the calculator, transistors, computer chips and
solar battery
b. Benefits of Compound: The O2 (manufacture of glass, glass, porcelain, concrete, glass stone polisher; metal 2 for the manufacture of abrasives and for the manufacture of paint to hold the air), Na 2 Si O3 (for a mixture of laundry soap and adhesives in the manufacture of cardboard)
5. Phosphorus
a. Benefits: the manufacture of phosphoric acid, matches, fireworks, rat poison and forming substances
metal alloys.
b. Benefits of Compound: superphosphate fertilizer, detergents, floor cleaners, insecticides, and food addictive substances.
II.End
A. Conclusion
On the basis of discussion "CHEMICAL ELEMENTS" can be concluded that:
1. . Chemical elements are elements that have the properties of chemical elements
Residing in the environment around us.
Residing in the environment around us.
2.
Chemical elements in chemistry lessons to learn about the elements - elements
chemicals that have a nature - the special nature
Chemical elements in chemistry lessons to learn about the elements - elements
chemicals that have a nature - the special nature
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